{"id":4598,"date":"2020-07-04T13:47:01","date_gmt":"2020-07-04T11:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?p=4598"},"modified":"2024-08-18T09:11:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-18T07:11:59","slug":"backtestovani-v-excelu-vba-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?p=4598","title":{"rendered":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Excelu (VBA) \u2013 IV."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Excelu (VBA) \u2013 II.<\/a><\/strong><\/span> jsem popsal, jak v Excelu otev\u0159\u00edt kartu V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 a jak vytvo\u0159it prvn\u00ed makro. Toto makro vygenerovalo VBA skript, abych pot\u00e9 napsal, \u017ee nebudu makra zaznamen\u00e1vat, aby mi tvo\u0159ila VBA skript, ale budu postupovat p\u0159esn\u011b naopak, tedy ps\u00e1t VBA skript pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed makra. Takovou \u010dinnost jsem odstartoval v \u010dl\u00e1nku Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v Excelu (VBA) \u2013 III.<\/a><\/strong><\/span>. Popsal jsem z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s excelovsk\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami, jak je pomoc\u00ed VBA skriptu ozna\u010dit, jak je smazat a jak pracovat tak\u00e9 s jej\u00edmi oblastmi (v\u00edce bun\u011bk najednou). Popsal jsem z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s prom\u011bnn\u00fdmi a uk\u00e1zal, k \u010demu vlastn\u011b takov\u00e1 prom\u011bnn\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit. V dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku bych se cht\u011bl posunout op\u011bt m\u00edrn\u011b d\u00e1l, proto\u017ee jsem se zat\u00edm pohyboval pouze na jednom listu otev\u0159en\u00e9ho se\u0161itu a pracoval s mal\u00fdm po\u010dtem dat (jednoduch\u00e9 \u00fadaje o miniportfoliu akci\u00ed Goldman Sachs). Toto se budu pokou\u0161et roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it o pr\u00e1ci s v\u00edce listy a tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zat, jak pomoc\u00ed cyklick\u00e9 funkce VBA otestovat jednoduch\u00fd obchod na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm vzorku dat.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0listy<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00a0minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem popisoval, jak mohu bu\u0148ky pomoc\u00ed VBA skriptu ozna\u010dovat pomoc\u00ed Cells<\/strong> a Range<\/strong> a jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jsem pak uvozoval p\u0159\u00edponou ActiveSheet<\/em>.<\/strong> a m\u011bl tak na mysli skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tyto bu\u0148ky se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na otev\u0159en\u00e9m listu aktu\u00e1ln\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9ho se\u0161itu. Takov\u00fd pohyb na jednom listu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejen nepraktick\u00fd, ale pro pot\u0159eby p\u0159ehlednosti a adresnosti psan\u00e9ho skriptu tak\u00e9 nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed. Mohu si jednodu\u0161e cht\u00edt svou pr\u00e1ci rozvrhnout na v\u00edce list\u016f, abych se neutopil v z\u00e1plav\u011b dat na jedin\u00e9m listu p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho datov\u00e9ho souboru. Proto\u017ee jsem avizoval, \u017ee nebudu zab\u00edhat do program\u00e1torsk\u00fdch detail\u016f, ale uk\u00e1\u017eu zcela prakticky, jak si v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 nastavit, budu v tomto trendu pokra\u010dovat i nyn\u00ed. Pokud si otev\u0159u excelovsk\u00fd se\u0161it, budu m\u00edt k dispozici aktivn\u00ed List1, na kter\u00e9m mohu pracovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Toto z\u00e1kladn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed mi nemus\u00ed sta\u010dit, proto\u017ee mohu nap\u0159\u00edklad cht\u00edt, abych na tomto listu m\u011bl pouze data, kter\u00e1 budu cht\u00edt podrobit anal\u00fdze, na druh\u00e9m listu budu cht\u00edt m\u00edt um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00fdsledky konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy a na t\u0159et\u00edm listu pak t\u0159eba n\u011bjak\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed n\u011bkolika anal\u00fdz najednou. V klasick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed excelu to nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m, listy si jednodu\u0161e p\u0159id\u00e1m tla\u010d\u00edtkem „plus“ vedle aktivn\u00edho listu na takto vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 listy pak p\u0159ejmenovat. Mohu tak nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u010dinit, podle t\u00e9to m\u00e9 zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, takto:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Pohledem do pracovn\u00ed plochy VBA mohu toto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e9ho otev\u0159en\u00e9ho se\u0161itu o p\u0159idan\u00e9 listy pozorovat v tomto n\u00e1hledu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00e1m tak definov\u00e1ny t\u0159i listy<\/strong> a ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev. Tuto skute\u010dnost pak bude zapot\u0159eb\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159it tak\u00e9 p\u0159i psan\u00ed VBA skriptu, abych mohl pot\u00e9 sv\u00e9 operace umis\u0165ovat na n\u011bjak\u00fd ze t\u0159\u00ed list\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1m nyn\u00ed k\u00a0dispozici. Z\u00a0pohledu struktury a logiky VBA programov\u00e1n\u00ed je list se\u0161itu tzv. objekt, na kter\u00e9m mohu prov\u00e1d\u011bt n\u011bjak\u00e9 zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a abych je mohl n\u011bjak definovat, mus\u00edm je ve VBA nastavit<\/strong>. Toto se prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed instrukce Set<\/strong><\/span><\/em>. Nen\u00ed zapot\u0159eb\u00ed nad toto procedurou n\u011bjak p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, proto\u017ee nastaven\u00ed je mechanickou program\u00e1torskou rutinou. M\u016fj nyn\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fd nov\u00fd t\u0159\u00edlistov\u00fd se\u0161it, se kter\u00fdm hodl\u00e1m nyn\u00ed pracovat, je\u0161t\u011b neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 makro, proto si do n\u011bj vlo\u017e\u00edm Modul, do kter\u00e9ho budu toto definov\u00e1n\u00ed list\u016f pomoc\u00ed VBA skriptu zapisovat. Vlo\u017een\u00ed Module provedu podle ji\u017e popsan\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu v prvn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku o VBA, tedy instrukc\u00ed Insert z p\u00e1su n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Touto akc\u00ed vlo\u017e\u00edm Module1<\/strong> do sv\u00e9ho se\u0161itu a po kliknut\u00ed na n\u011bj mohu do prav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti plochy VBA, do okna General, zapisovat sv\u00e9 skripty<\/strong>, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed makra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00e9 makro bude m\u00edt n\u00e1zev TestujiAkcie<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0Toto ji\u017e zn\u00e1m z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. Do takto p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho skriptu budu ale nyn\u00ed cht\u00edt definovat sv\u00e9 t\u0159i excelovsk\u00e9 listy<\/strong> otev\u0159en\u00e9ho se\u0161itu. Toto provedu tak, \u017ee nov\u00e9 objekty \u2013 vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 listy \u2013 budu pova\u017eovat za prom\u011bnn\u00e9<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 budou m\u00edt hodnotu Worksheet<\/strong><\/em><\/span>, takto bude s nimi VBA tak\u00e9 nakl\u00e1dat, nebudou to tedy ani \u010d\u00edsla (Integer), ani textov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy (String) nebo datum (Date), ale bude to prom\u011bnn\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se bude chovat jako list excelovsk\u00e9ho se\u0161itu. Deklarace t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti pak vypad\u00e1 ve VBA takto.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Po t\u00e9to deklaraci, kdy m\u00e1m v excelovsk\u00e9m se\u0161itu t\u0159i nov\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 \u2013 listy otev\u0159en\u00e9ho se\u0161itu, provedu jejich konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ji\u017e avizovan\u00e9 instrukce Set<\/strong> <\/em><\/span>n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1pisem.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 T\u00edmto z\u00e1pisem nastav\u00edm, \u017ee prom\u011bnn\u00e1 DataSheet<\/strong> bude ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako excelovsk\u00fd aktivn\u00ed list, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00a0klasick\u00e9m excelu \u201eou\u0161ko\u201c se jm\u00e9nem \u201eData\u201c<\/strong>, tedy m\u016fj p\u0159ejmenovan\u00fd prvn\u00ed list, stejn\u011b tak pro zbyl\u00e9 dva aktivn\u00ed listy \u201eBacktest\u201c a \u201eCelkem\u201c. Co tedy nyn\u00ed nastane za zm\u011bnu ve psan\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f VBA skriptu? Nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e zac\u00edlen\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 operace na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed list, kter\u00fd jsem si nyn\u00ed nadeklaroval a n\u00e1sledn\u011b nastavil, nyn\u00ed tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk nebude uvozovat p\u0159\u00edpona ActiveSheets.Cells<\/em>\u2026, kter\u00e1 ozna\u010dovala bu\u0148ku pouze aktu\u00e1ln\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9ho jedin\u00e9ho listu (jako doposud v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch), ale pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed bu\u0148ky podle um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v aktivn\u00edch listech, kter\u00e9 jsem si vytvo\u0159il, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159edponou podle n\u00e1zvu tohoto listu – DataSheet., BacktestSheet.<\/em> <\/strong>nebo CelkemSheet<\/em>.<\/strong> Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud budu cht\u00edt do bu\u0148ky C36<\/strong> na listu \u201eBacktest\u201c<\/strong> zapsat text \u201eHur\u00e1 na listy\u201c, bude z\u00e1pis vypadat n\u00e1sledovn\u011b. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm makra mohu pozorovat tento v\u00fdsledek.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0Zac\u00edlen\u00ed m\u00e9 akce na vybran\u00fd list s n\u00e1zvem \u201eBacktest\u201c provedlo jeho v\u00fdb\u011br a akci v po\u017eadovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ce vybran\u00e9ho listu z\u00e1pisem po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho textu. Toto by prozat\u00edm k instrukci Set m\u011blo posta\u010dovat pro dal\u0161\u00ed postup v m\u00e9 program\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, takto nastavit si toti\u017e mohu libovoln\u00fd objekt excelu, tedy list, se\u0161it, oblast bun\u011bk\u2026atd., nebudu to ale d\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u011b komplikovat, pohyb po definovan\u00fdch listech je i tak ji\u017e nyn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 funkcionalita, kter\u00e1 mi celkovou pr\u00e1ci umo\u017en\u00ed docela v\u00fdrazn\u011b zp\u0159ehlednit.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Na z\u00e1v\u011br tohoto odd\u00edlu upozorn\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b na \u201etechnick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my\u201c, kter\u00e9 se mohou vyskytnout p\u0159i psan\u00ed VBA skriptu. Interaktivita prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde p\u00ed\u0161u VBA skript reaguje na nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd z\u00e1pis skriptu upozorn\u011bn\u00edm ve form\u011b okna, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 tento tvar.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Toto okno je upozorn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00e1m ve skriptu n\u011bjakou chybu syntaxe a VBA nem\u016f\u017ee takovou chybu ignorovat a skript tak nem\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1le b\u011b\u017eet, b\u011bh makra se tak zastav\u00ed. Kliknut\u00edm na tla\u010d\u00edtko \u201eDebug\u201c okno zav\u0159u, aby mi VBA ozna\u010dilo \u0159\u00e1dek, kter\u00fd vykazuje pro VBA nep\u0159ekonateln\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Podbarven\u00edm \u017elut\u011b pak mohu vid\u011bt chybov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek. V\u00a0n\u011bm jsem ud\u011blal chybu v\u00a0psan\u00ed, kdy\u017e nem\u00e1m spr\u00e1vn\u011b naps\u00e1nu p\u0159edponu BacktestSheet<\/em>, ale m\u00e1m uvedeno chybn\u011b BatestSheet<\/em>, skript tak nev\u00ed, kter\u00fd list m\u00e1m na mysli, proto\u017ee takov\u00fd v\u00a0m\u00e9m se\u0161itu neexistuje. Pokud tuto chybu oprav\u00edm, mohu makro op\u011btovn\u011b spustit spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm tla\u010d\u00edtkem z\u00a0li\u0161ty n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Dal\u0161\u00edm projevem interaktivity prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro psan\u00ed VBA skriptu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt upozorn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e9mu skriptu chyb\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st k\u00f3du, kter\u00e1 vede k\u00a0p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed b\u011bhu makra. M\u016f\u017ee to vypadat n\u00e1sledovn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 V \u0159\u00e1dku podbarven\u00e9m \u010derven\u011b chyb\u00ed za rovn\u00edtkem \u010d\u00e1st k\u00f3du, VBA vyhodnotilo, \u017ee v tomto m\u00edst\u011b je chyba. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b, \u017ee chyb\u00ed dopsat n\u011bjak\u00fd v\u00fdraz. Kliknut\u00edm na OK a dopln\u011bn\u00edm chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du\u00a0 (dops\u00e1n\u00edm \u010d\u00e1sti skriptu za rovn\u00edtko) vy\u0159e\u0161\u00edm upozorn\u011bn\u00ed a makro ji\u017e op\u011bt b\u011b\u017e\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 P\u0159edeslal jsem, \u017ee pro mou analytickou pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0daty pomoc\u00ed VBA skript\u016f budou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed funkce cykl\u016f<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed funkce<\/strong>, kter\u00fdmi programovac\u00ed jazyk VBA disponuje. Jak je to my\u0161leno? Pokud budu nyn\u00ed cht\u00edt zkoumat a analyzovat n\u011bjak\u00e1 akciov\u00e1 data, tak v jednoduch\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu vyberu n\u011bjakou jej\u00ed po\u0159izovac\u00ed cenu k n\u011bjak\u00e9mu \u010dasov\u00e9mu okam\u017eiku a k n\u00ed prodejn\u00ed cenu v n\u011bjak\u00e9m budouc\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m okam\u017eiku, tyto ceny podrob\u00edm n\u011bjak\u00e9 procedu\u0159e zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a rozhodnu se, kam sv\u016fj v\u00fdsledek zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed zap\u00ed\u0161u, po takov\u00e9 procedu\u0159e cyklus uzav\u0159u a odstartuji nov\u00fd cyklus se stejnou procedurou zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu v\u00fdsledku pro novou dvojici cen. Nez\u00e1\u017eivn\u00fd slovn\u00ed popis bude nejl\u00e9pe nahradit praktickou uk\u00e1zkou. Z\u016fstanu tak\u00e9 u akci\u00ed GS stejn\u011b jako v minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku. Po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed historick\u00fdch cen budu nyn\u00ed uva\u017eovat striktn\u011b ze zdroje Yahoo Finance, kde jsou data voln\u011b k dispozici a ne\u010dek\u00e1m n\u011bjak\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed na rozd\u00edl od v minulosti propagovan\u00e9ho Quandl.com. Po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch dat od m\u00e9ho brokera Interactive Brokers popsan\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/strong><\/span> \u00a0ponech\u00e1m nyn\u00ed stranou, proto\u017ee ne ka\u017ed\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jeho slu\u017eeb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dat<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Do sv\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de si st\u00e1hnu historick\u00e1 data za n\u011bjak\u00e9 voliteln\u00e9 minul\u00e9 obdob\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u00e9to str\u00e1nky<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, kde zad\u00e1m k vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd ticker GS (Goldman Sachs)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Z\u00a0voleb mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159ehledu o tomto tickeru zvol\u00edm z\u00e1lo\u017eku \u201eHistorical Data\u201c<\/strong>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Kliknut\u00edm na Time Period (1)<\/span><\/strong> zobraz\u00edm p\u0159edvolby \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, ze kter\u00fdch mohu vybrat nap\u0159\u00edklad posledn\u00edch p\u011bt let (2)<\/span><\/strong>. Zakliknutou volbu p\u011btilet\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed potvrd\u00edm stisknut\u00edm tla\u010d\u00edtka \u201eApply\u201c (3)<\/span>.<\/strong> Zadan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed se mi zobraz\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b zm\u011bnou zobrazen\u00ed u Time Period (1)<\/span><\/strong>, kde mohu zjistit, \u017ee si do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de st\u00e1hnu data od 3.7.2015 \u2013 3.7.2020<\/strong>, takovou akci potvrd\u00edm volbou \u201eDownload\u201c (4)<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span> Sta\u017een\u00e1 p\u011btilet\u00e1 data ve form\u00e1tu .csv <\/em>se objev\u00ed v m\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tato data\u00a0 si pot\u00e9 mohu na\u010d\u00edst do sv\u00e9ho excelovsk\u00e9ho se\u0161itu pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017eky \u201eData\u201c<\/strong> a volby \u201eZ textu\/CSV\u201c<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Nata\u017een\u00ed dat do listu \u201eData\u201c pak provedu pomoc\u00ed pr\u016fvodce, tuto proceduru jsem zde ji\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t popisoval. Sta\u017een\u00e1 data do zadan\u00e9ho m\u00edsta v listu \u201eData\u201c pak po m\u00edrn\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b a smaz\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fdch sloupc\u016f mohu vid\u011bt nap\u0159\u00edklad v tvaru na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 Prvn\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je pak skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jsem vygeneroval data ve form\u00e1tu americk\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, tedy s desetinnou te\u010dkou nam\u00edsto desetinn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1rky (v \u010derven\u00e9m obd\u00e9ln\u00edku). <\/span>Tuto nep\u0159\u00edjemnost odstran\u00edm nyn\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u011b (m\u00e1m na to makro, kter\u00e9 uk\u00e1\u017eu pozd\u011bji.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 Pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru oblasti bun\u011bk (1)<\/span><\/strong>, pro kter\u00e9 chci zm\u011bnit te\u010dku na \u010d\u00e1rku tyto bu\u0148ky ozna\u010d\u00edm a kliknut\u00edm na z\u00e1lo\u017eku \u201eDom\u016f\u201c (2)<\/span><\/strong> zvol\u00edm n\u00e1stroj \u201eNaj\u00edt a vybrat\u201c (3)<\/span><\/strong> a z\u00a0nab\u00edzen\u00e9ho menu vyberu \u201eNahradit\u201c<\/strong>.\u00a0 T\u00edmto spust\u00edm okno s nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed nahrazovac\u00ed operac\u00ed pro vybranou oblast bun\u011bk.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0V okn\u011b s nab\u00eddkou mo\u017enost\u00ed si na z\u00e1lo\u017ece \u201eNahradit\u201c (1)<\/span><\/strong> vlo\u017e\u00edm do prvn\u00edho pole \u201eNaj\u00edt\u201c<\/strong> znak „te\u010dka“ a do druh\u00e9ho pole vlo\u017e\u00edm znak „\u010d\u00e1rka“, celou tuto operaci spust\u00edm kliknut\u00edm na \u201eNahradit v\u0161e\u201c<\/strong>. Tato procedura najde v ozna\u010den\u00e9m poli bun\u011bk v\u0161echny desetinn\u00e9 te\u010dky, aby je nahradila za desetinn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1rky, v\u00fdsledek takto zpracovan\u00fdch dat je pak n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00edmto m\u00e1m data p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a anal\u00fdze pomoc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 verze Excelu. Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee testovat data pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 obchodovan\u00e9 tituly nebude nic slo\u017eit\u00e9ho, proto\u017ee stahovan\u00e1 data z Yahoo maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd form\u00e1t a nahradit jednu datovou \u0159adu n\u011bjakou jinou je ot\u00e1zkou n\u011bkolika vte\u0159in, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, pokud si ji op\u011bt n\u011bjak zautomatizuji.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Cykly ve VBA<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Proto\u017ee chci ka\u017edou funkcionalitu VBA uk\u00e1zat na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u00fakolu, zkus\u00edm si jej nejd\u0159\u00edve nadefinovat. Budu tedy na p\u011btilet\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, reprezentovan\u00e9m sta\u017een\u00fdmi daty akciov\u00e9ho titulu GS, nejd\u0159\u00edve cht\u00edt zjistit, jak by se mi da\u0159ilo v kuri\u00f3zn\u00edm obchodn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu \u2013 nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho po\u010dtu akci\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd obchodn\u00ed den na Open trh\u016f a jejich prodeji na Close stejn\u00e9ho dne, k tomuto si do sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu nech\u00e1m zapo\u010d\u00edtat tak\u00e9 poplatky za tyto obchody, aby byly v\u00fdsledky re\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fdsledek takov\u00e9ho testu bude vych\u00e1zet z dat na listu \u201eData\u201c m\u00e9ho excelovsk\u00e9ho se\u0161itu a v\u00fdsledek takov\u00e9ho testu bych si cht\u011bl nechat zapsat na list \u201eBacktest\u201c. K dat\u016fm, kter\u00e1 jsem si st\u00e1hl z Yahoo a pot\u00e9 upravil, tak podle tohoto zad\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1m bu\u0148ky s po\u010dtem akci\u00ed a poplatky, tyto pak budu moci deklarovat tak\u00e9 jako prom\u011bnn\u00e9 a m\u011bnit jejich v\u00fd\u0161i podle libosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad jednodu\u0161e takto. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e9 intradenn\u00ed akciov\u00e9 obchody podle tohoto zad\u00e1n\u00ed pak mohu prov\u00e1d\u011bt s prom\u011bnn\u00fdmi, kter\u00e9 si nadefinuji podle minul\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku pomoci VBA. Mohu si tak tyto nadeklarovat psan\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f tvo\u0159en\u00e9ho makra<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0Pokra\u010duji tedy ve skriptu, kde ji\u017e m\u00e1m nadefinov\u00e1ny a nastaveny jednotliv\u00e9 listy se\u0161itu psan\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f skriptu pro deklaraci prom\u011bnn\u00fdch. Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed jsem op\u011bt co nejv\u00edce p\u0159izp\u016fsobil v\u00fdznamu a hodnot\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 si tyto prom\u011bnn\u00e9 ponesou, nav\u00edc jsem si nadefinoval jak\u00e9si prom\u011bnn\u00e9 (posledn\u00ed dva \u0159\u00e1dky skriptu) AktualniRadek<\/strong> a BacktestRadek, kter\u00e9 budu vyu\u017e\u00edvat jako \u201epo\u010ditadla\u201c nebo \u201ehybatele\u201c budouc\u00edch cykl\u016f (v\u00edce d\u00e1le v textu a v dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Postup m\u00e9ho testu intradenn\u00edho akciov\u00e9ho obchodu pak bude spo\u010d\u00edvat v opakovan\u00e9m vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed vstupn\u00ed ceny akci\u00ed v dan\u00e9m dni a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed ceny akci\u00ed v dan\u00e9m dni a jejich porovn\u00e1n\u00ed pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jak by si takov\u00fd obchod vedl, zaps\u00e1n\u00ed jeho v\u00fdsledku a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 posunut\u00ed se o jeden den v m\u00e9m datov\u00e9m souboru sta\u017een\u00e9m z Yahoo d\u00e1le s proveden\u00edm stejn\u00e9 procedury. Tento proces opakov\u00e1n\u00ed se pak zastav\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ech mo\u017enost\u00ed m\u00e9ho sta\u017een\u00e9ho datov\u00e9ho souboru. VBA takov\u00e9 cyklick\u00e9 pohyby ve sta\u017een\u00e9m souboru historick\u00fdch dat um\u00ed zajistit p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi funkcemi, kter\u00e9 k tomu velmi jednodu\u0161e vyu\u017eiji. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Do (While)\u2026Loop<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Procedura, kter\u00e1 je takto ozna\u010dena znamen\u00e1 \u201e…D\u011blej, co m\u00e1\u0161, do t\u00e9 doby, pokud nen\u00ed spln\u011bna n\u011bjak\u00e1 podm\u00ednka. Do t\u00e9 doby proceduru po\u0159\u00e1d opakuj…<\/em>\u201c. Pokud si ji vep\u00ed\u0161u do sv\u00e9ho makra, mohu pozorovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text skriptu t\u00e9to funkcionality.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 \u010cerven\u00e9 podbarven\u00ed mi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zadan\u00e9mu skriptu Do While<\/strong><\/em><\/span> n\u011bco chyb\u00ed a t\u00edm je pr\u00e1v\u011b definice podm\u00ednky, co mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bno, aby se cyklus opakov\u00e1n\u00ed zastavil. V\u0161echny operace, kter\u00e9 budou veps\u00e1ny mezi \u0159\u00e1dky Do While<\/strong><\/em><\/span> a Loop<\/strong><\/em><\/span> se pak budou opakovat do t\u00e9 doby, ne\u017e bude spln\u011bna podm\u00ednka, kter\u00e9 doposud ve skriptu chyb\u00ed. Pokud by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 podm\u00ednka na ukon\u010den\u00ed nebyla nastavena, cyklus by se opakoval do nekone\u010dna a makro by b\u011b\u017eelo neust\u00e1le st\u00e1le dokola v\u00a0nastaven\u00e9 smy\u010dce a musel bych jej manu\u00e1ln\u011b ukon\u010dovat, a to by bylo velmi nepraktick\u00e9. Svou podm\u00ednku na zastaven\u00ed takov\u00e9 smy\u010dky (Loop) potom nastav\u00edm tak, \u017ee budu po\u017eadovat<\/strong>, aby se opakov\u00e1n\u00ed ukon\u010dilo<\/strong> ve chv\u00edli, kdy budou zpracov\u00e1na v\u0161echna data<\/strong> z\u00a0m\u00e9ho sta\u017een\u00e9ho datov\u00e9ho souboru. Tato podm\u00ednka by mohla vypadat k\u00a0zaps\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed skriptu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem spolu s dops\u00e1n\u00edm skriptu, kter\u00fd definuje cel\u00fd jeden cyklus se zad\u00e1n\u00edm jeho opakov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee toto je prozat\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obr\u00e1zek z cel\u00e9ho miniseri\u00e1lu o VBA a pochopen\u00ed jeho logiky je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro opakovan\u00e9 operace na m\u00e9m listu se sta\u017een\u00fdmi daty. Nyn\u00ed bude tak\u00e9 patrn\u00e9, \u017ee definice bu\u0148ky pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdrazu Cells je daleko vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zp\u016fsobem Range. Nadefinovanou hodnotu prom\u011bnn\u00e9 AktualniRadek<\/strong> jsem si ur\u010dil jako = 4 (1)<\/span><\/strong>. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee na tomto \u0159\u00e1dku za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed prvn\u00ed data, kter\u00e1 budu cht\u00edt zpracovat pro mou anal\u00fdzu. Prvn\u00ed datov\u00e9 \u00fadaje v excelovsk\u00e9m listu „Data“ za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed 6.7.2015 a tyto jsou opravdu na \u010dtvrt\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku.\u00a0 Do podm\u00ednky Do While<\/strong><\/em><\/span> jsem si dopsal jej\u00ed zad\u00e1n\u00ed (2)<\/span> = DataSheet.Cells(AktualniRadek, 2) <\/em><> „“<\/em><\/strong>. Co to znamen\u00e1? Jednoduch\u00e9 zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, jestli je na listu \u201eData\u201c<\/strong> ve sloupci<\/strong> ozna\u010den\u00e9m dvojkou<\/strong> (sloupec \u201eB\u201c) pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 bu\u0148ka.<\/strong> Moment\u00e1ln\u011b je pozice \u0159\u00e1dku definov\u00e1na prom\u011bnnou AktualniRadek s hodnotou 4 a pozice sloupce je \u201enatvrdo\u201c hodnota 2, proto je pln\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednky na zastaven\u00ed cyklu hled\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky nyn\u00ed nasm\u011brov\u00e1na do DataSheet.Cells(4, 2<\/em>), tedy do bu\u0148ky \u201eB4\u201c. tato v\u0161ak pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 nen\u00ed, proto\u017ee je v n\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bno prvn\u00ed datum sta\u017een\u00e9ho p\u011btilet\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed s hodnotou 6.7.2015, podm\u00ednka tak spln\u011bna nen\u00ed a cyklus m\u016f\u017ee pokra\u010dovat. V m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsem ozna\u010dil (3),<\/span><\/strong> <\/span>budu n\u00e1sledn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159et n\u011bjak\u00e9 po\u010detn\u00ed \u00fakony s m\u00fdmi akciemi z datov\u00e9ho souboru, kter\u00e9 zad\u00e1m n\u00e1sledn\u011b v \u010dl\u00e1nku. Po jejich proveden\u00ed provedu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hodnoty<\/strong> prom\u011bnn\u00e9 AktualniRadek<\/strong> o hodnotu jedna (4).<\/span><\/strong> Toto zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9 AkualniRadek o hodnotu jedna m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee tak, jak jsem si ji definoval hodnotou 4 pro tento cyklus, tak nyn\u00ed si tato prom\u011bnn\u00e1 ponese hodnotu 5 pro dal\u0161\u00ed cyklus. Tento cyklus se za\u010dne opakovat dosp\u011bn\u00edm VBA k instrukci Loop (5)<\/span><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ik\u00e1\u017ee, aby se za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho cyklu vr\u00e1til na \u0159\u00e1dek (2)<\/strong><\/span> s p\u0159\u00edkazem Do While<\/strong><\/em><\/span> a procedura se opakuje, nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak ji\u017e hodnota AktualniRadek nen\u00ed 4, ale je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 o jedni\u010dku na hodnotu 5, proto se dotaz na pr\u00e1zdnou bu\u0148ku v podm\u00ednce zastaven\u00ed cyklu = DataSheet.Cells(AktualniRadek, 2) <> „“ <\/em>bude nyn\u00ed t\u00fdkat DataSheet.Cells(5, 2<\/em>), tedy bu\u0148ky \u201eB5\u201c. tato v\u0161ak op\u011bt pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 nen\u00ed, proto\u017ee je v n\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bno druh\u00e9 datum sta\u017een\u00e9ho p\u011btilet\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed s\u00a0hodnotou 7.7.2015, podm\u00ednka tak op\u011bt spln\u011bna nen\u00ed a cyklus m\u016f\u017ee znovu prob\u011bhnout. M\u00e1 sta\u017een\u00e1 p\u011btilet\u00e1 data z\u00a0Yahoo jsou um\u00edst\u011bna a\u017e do \u0159\u00e1dku 1262, bude proto prob\u00edhat 1262 cykl\u016f ne\u017e p\u0159ijde okam\u017eik, kdy napsan\u00fd VBA skript ve form\u011b cyklick\u00e9 funkce Do While<\/strong>\u2026<\/span>Loop<\/strong><\/em><\/span> zjist\u00ed, \u017ee dotaz, zda bu\u0148ka DataSheet.Cells(1263, 2) <> „“ <\/em>vyhovuje podm\u00ednce na pr\u00e1zdnou bu\u0148ku, je pravdiv\u00fd a dal\u0161\u00ed cyklus ji\u017e spu\u0161t\u011bn nebude, makro dob\u011bhne a p\u0159\u00edkazem End Sub<\/strong><\/span><\/em> se ukon\u010d\u00ed. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0Do takto p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho opakov\u00e1n\u00ed cykl\u016f pomoc\u00ed Do While<\/strong>\u2026Loop<\/strong><\/em><\/span> s posouv\u00e1n\u00edm se o jeden \u0159\u00e1dek a zastaven\u00edm se ve chv\u00edli, kdy naraz\u00edm na pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, mohu za\u010d\u00edt vypl\u0148ovat jednotliv\u00e9 po\u010detn\u00ed \u00fakony, kter\u00e9 budou odpov\u00eddat m\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm na anal\u00fdzu. Proto\u017ee jsem nyn\u00ed ji\u017e pochopil, \u017ee m\u00e1 data za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed na AktualnimRadku, kter\u00fd je nastaven pro prvn\u00ed cyklus na hodnot\u011b 4 a s ka\u017ed\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm cyklem se zvedne o hodnotu jedna, co\u017e posune opakov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dtu o jeden \u0159\u00e1dek n\u00ed\u017ee, vyu\u017eiji tohoto zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty tak\u00e9 pro m\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee je popis prvn\u00edch hodnot prom\u011bnn\u00fdch, jak budou napln\u011bny pro prvn\u00ed cyklus.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0Proto\u017ee se v prvn\u00edm cyklu pohybuji na \u010dtvrt\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku, budou prvn\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9 VstupniDatum<\/strong>, VstupniCena<\/strong> a VystupniCena<\/strong> na\u010dteny z bun\u011bk DataSheet.Cells(AktualniRadek, 2)<\/strong>, DataSheet.Cells(AktualniRadek, 3)<\/strong> a DataSheet.Cells(AktualniRadek, 6)<\/strong>. <\/em>Prom\u011bnn\u00e9 PocetAkcii, Poplatky <\/strong>a Ticker<\/strong> se nebudou s\u00a0cykly m\u011bnit, proto bude jejich hodnota odpov\u00eddat konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm bu\u0148k\u00e1m DataSheet.Cells(4,8), DataSheet.Cells(6, 8) <\/em><\/strong>a <\/em>DataSheet.Cells(8, 8<\/em>)<\/strong>. Tento z\u00e1pis na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a na\u010dten\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00fdch pak mohu prov\u00e9st takto:<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Zad\u00e1n\u00ed AktualniRadek = 4<\/strong> jako ozna\u010den\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dku, kde za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed m\u00e1 data na excelovsk\u00e9m listu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zachov\u00e1no (1)<\/strong><\/span>. Prom\u011bnn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 se nebudou prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm cykl\u016f m\u011bnit, tedy po\u010det akci\u00ed v anal\u00fdze, poplatky a ticker testovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, napln\u00edm jejich hodnotu z\u00e1pisem skriptu do \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f p\u0159ed proceduru Do While<\/strong>\u2026Loop<\/strong><\/em><\/span> (2)<\/strong><\/span>. Z\u016fstanou tak pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed makra stejn\u00e9. Do cyklu Do While<\/strong>\u2026Loop<\/strong><\/em><\/span> zap\u00ed\u0161u jednotliv\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00fdch podle hodnot<\/strong> v se\u0161itu se sta\u017een\u00fdmi daty \u0159\u00e1dky skriptu ozna\u010den\u00e9 (3)<\/strong><\/span>. Opakov\u00e1n\u00ed cykl\u016f s posunem \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f <\/strong>o jeden krok<\/strong> ponech\u00e1m nastaveno (4)<\/span><\/strong>. T\u00edm m\u00e1m zaji\u0161t\u011bno postupn\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed hodnot prom\u011bnn\u00fdch z jednotliv\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f pro 1262x na\u010dten\u00ed (opakov\u00e1n\u00ed cykl\u016f). Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 tak jednotliv\u00fdm na\u010dten\u00edm p\u0159i\u0159adit v\u00fdpo\u010dty pro pot\u0159eby m\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 V ka\u017ed\u00e9m cyklu, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed jeden obchodn\u00ed den reprezentovan\u00fd posunut\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dku o hodnotu jedna, pak provedu jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Proto\u017ee m\u00e1m pro ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd den ka\u017ed\u00e9ho cyklu k dispozici na\u010dtenou hodnotu prom\u011bnn\u00e9 VstupniDatum, VstupniCena, VystupniCena a pevn\u011b na\u010dtenou hodnotu PocetAkcii a Poplatky, mohu cht\u00edt vypo\u010d\u00edtat pro ka\u017ed\u00fd den takto popsan\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty jednoduch\u00fdmi texty \u2013 Datum vstupu, Vstupn\u00ed Cena, V\u00fdstupn\u00ed cena, V\u00fdnos investice bez poplatk\u016f, V\u00fdnos investice s poplatky a Investice s poplatky celkem a tyto textov\u00e9 hodnoty pak p\u0159en\u00e9st na list \u201eBacktest\u201c m\u00e9ho excelovsk\u00e9ho se\u0161itu jako <\/span>hlavi\u010dku jednoduch\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdsledku anal\u00fdzy veps\u00e1n\u00edm textov\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f \u201enatvrdo\u201c do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch bun\u011bk sloupc\u016f, kde se mi budou na\u010d\u00edtat v\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdzy na sta\u017een\u00e9m p\u011btilet\u00e9m vzorku dat. Mohu tak u\u010dinit takto:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f skriptu s vlo\u017een\u00edm textu do bun\u011bk „natvrdo“ jsem ji\u017e popisoval v minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku, za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed pak stoj\u00ed pouze sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed do bun\u011bk nadefinovan\u00e9ho a nastaven\u00e9ho listu \u201eBacktest\u201c v \u00favodu skriptu pomoc\u00ed p\u0159edpony BacktestSheet.Cells. Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm makra mohu pozorovat vypln\u011bn\u00ed textem na listu \u201eBacktest\u201c t\u00edmto po\u017eadovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem podle nov\u011b napsan\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f skriptu.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 ne\u017e zaplnit tento p\u0159ipraven\u00fd p\u0159ehled daty do jednotliv\u00fdch nadepsan\u00fdch sloupc\u016f. Je to nyn\u00ed to sam\u00e9, jako v minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku, kdy jsem si nech\u00e1val p\u0159ipraven\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159 naplnit daty z m\u00e9ho miniportfolia Goldman Sachs, nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u00e1m tato data na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na z jednotliv\u00fdch cykl\u016f, tedy d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f za ka\u017ed\u00fd den fiktivn\u00edho intradenn\u00edho obchodu a tyto v\u00fdpo\u010dty budou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eny na jin\u00fd list m\u00e9ho se\u0161itu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det cyklu pak pro ka\u017edou prom\u011bnnou pro datumy a ceny akci\u00ed bude znamenat na\u010dten\u00ed jin\u00e9 hodnoty podle \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f m\u00e9ho sta\u017een\u00e9ho souboru. V\u0161e prob\u00edh\u00e1 tak rychle, jak rychl\u00fd je m\u016fj po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a pokud bych byl fotbalov\u00fd rozhod\u010d\u00ed, tak nejen\u017ee nejsem schopen vn\u00edmat, jestli jsem Hugo, Pepa, Jarda nebo nev\u00edm kdo, ale u\u017e v\u016fbec nejsem schopen post\u0159ehnout, co jsou tato jm\u00e9na vlastn\u011b za\u010d. Jednotliv\u00e9 po\u010detn\u00ed \u00fakony jsou pak na tomto obr\u00e1zku<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Nasm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dtu do bun\u011bk listu „Backtest“ pomoc\u00ed BacktestSheet.Cells.<\/em> zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee se mi jednotliv\u00e9 hodnoty budou objevovat v tomto listu. Zvolil jsem op\u011bt zp\u016fsob ur\u010den\u00ed pomoc\u00ed Cells s vyu\u017eit\u00edm prom\u011bnn\u00e9 AktualniRadek<\/strong>, tak\u017ee se mi jednotliv\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 a dosazovan\u00e9 hodnoty zapisuj\u00ed do stejn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku jednotliv\u00fdch sloupc\u016f na listu \u201eBacktest\u201c, kter\u00fd je platn\u00fd pro aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed cyklus s ozna\u010den\u00edm sloupc\u016f tak, kam jednotliv\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det na tomto listu pat\u0159\u00ed (1)<\/strong><\/span>. P\u0159ed ukon\u010den\u00edm makra jsem pou\u017eil skript pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed upozor\u0148ovac\u00edho okna<\/strong>, \u017ee testov\u00e1n\u00ed skon\u010dilo, abych m\u011bl jistotu, \u017ee v\u0161echny procedury prob\u011bhly (instrukce MsgBox<\/strong>) (2).<\/strong> <\/span>Nebudu ji\u017e nyn\u00ed popisovat jednotliv\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky v\u00fdpo\u010dtu, jejich v\u00fdznam by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nyn\u00ed ji\u017e jasn\u00fd. Takto sepsan\u00e9 a spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 makro pak provede 1262 cykl\u016f, kter\u00e9 zap\u00ed\u0161e do \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f na listu Backtest a ozn\u00e1m\u00ed, vysko\u010den\u00fdm oknem, \u017ee je \u201eKonec Backtestu !!!\u201c \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Mohu pak na \u0159\u00e1dku listu „Backtest“ ozna\u010den\u00e9m \u010derven\u00fdm obd\u00e9ln\u00edkem vysledovat, \u017ee jsem nap\u0159\u00edklad dne 16.7.2015 vstoupil do obchodu na Open obchodn\u00edho dne za cenu akcie GS na \u00farovni 211.39 USD a vystoupil t\u00e9ho\u017e dne za cenu 211.18 USD. Pro sto akci\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1m navoleny jako prom\u011bnnou PocetAkcii to znamen\u00e1 ztr\u00e1tu -21 USD a s dvoudolarov\u00fdmi poplatky \u010din\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta -23 USD. P\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed naakumulovanou ztr\u00e1tu z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f ve v\u00fd\u0161i -144 USD bych tak t\u00edmto obchodem nav\u00fd\u0161il na \u010d\u00e1stku -167 USD. Mohu si pak takovou jednoduchou anal\u00fdzu vyhodnotit, abych zjistil, \u017ee takov\u00e9 intradenn\u00ed nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed 100 akci\u00ed po dobu p\u011bti let by s poplatky vedlo opravdu k 1262 transakc\u00edm a jejich v\u00fdsledkem by byl celkem slu\u0161n\u00fd prod\u011blek ve v\u00fd\u0161i -8.073 USD.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 Vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 makro je\u0161t\u011b dopln\u00edm instrukc\u00ed pro maz\u00e1n\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159ehledu na listu \u201eBacktest\u201c, abych p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed opakovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bl se z\u00e1pisy na \u010dist\u00fd list „Backtest“. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em> \u00a0Proceduru maz\u00e1n\u00ed um\u00edst\u00edm p\u0159ed skriptem spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm proceduru cyklu. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Jednoduch\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed cyklick\u00e9 funkce mi umo\u017enilo podrobit testov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi jednoduch\u00e9ho obchodu na p\u011btilet\u00e9m vzorku dat. Mohl bych si nyn\u00ed \u0159\u00edct, \u201e..no a co?\u201c, v\u017edy\u0165 toto svede klasick\u00fd excel se sv\u00fdmi funkcemi tak\u00e9 a m\u011bl bych samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pravdu. Co kdy\u017e ale budu m\u00edt data za t\u0159icet p\u011bt let zp\u011bt, budu cht\u00edt vyb\u00edrat nejen intradenn\u00ed obchody, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad dvoudenn\u00ed obchody, t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed, p\u011btidenn\u00ed obchody\u2026atd., mohu tak\u00e9 nakonec sledovat, jak by se mi da\u0159ilo, kdybych se rozhodl takto obchodovat jenom v t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00edch intervalech a v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bych nikdy necht\u011bl vstupovat do obchodu v pond\u011bl\u00ed…, tak\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 strategie na desetiminutov\u00fdch datech za obdob\u00ed t\u0159eba p\u011bt let zp\u011bt je ji\u017e pomoc\u00ed Excelu m\u00edrn\u011b nekomfortn\u00ed \u2026, o dal\u0161\u00edch vylep\u0161en\u00edch v dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku :c) \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Se\u0161it s makrem<\/strong> je pak mo\u017en\u00e9 k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du st\u00e1hnou zde<\/a><\/strong><\/span>. P\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00ed mus\u00edte potvrdit volbu \u201ePovolit makra\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Koment\u00e1\u0159e a p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k tomuto \u010dl\u00e1nku pros\u00edm sm\u011brujte do Diskuzn\u00edho f\u00f3ra do tohoto vl\u00e1kna<\/a><\/strong><\/span> k tomuto \u010dl\u00e1nku nebo do obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed diskuze o Excelu<\/a><\/strong><\/span> :c)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Excelu (VBA) \u2013 II. jsem popsal, jak v Excelu otev\u0159\u00edt kartu V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 a jak vytvo\u0159it prvn\u00ed makro. Toto makro vygenerovalo VBA skript, abych pot\u00e9 napsal, \u017ee nebudu makra zaznamen\u00e1vat, aby mi tvo\u0159ila VBA skript, ale budu postupovat p\u0159esn\u011b naopak, tedy ps\u00e1t VBA skript pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed makra. Takovou Continue Reading<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[57],"tags":[46],"class_list":["post-4598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-backtestovani-a-prace-s-daty","tag-excel"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Main.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8zd8A-1ca","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4483,"url":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?p=4483","url_meta":{"origin":4598,"position":0},"title":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Excelu (VBA) \u2013 II.","author":"dobretrejdy :c)","date":"25.6.2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u00a0 Pot\u0159ebuji zjistit, jak se chov\u00e1 n\u00e1kup Put Bear Spreadu s Long Put na ATM strike a vypsanou opc\u00ed o t\u0159i strike n\u00ed\u017ee, po\u0159izovan\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed na weeklys opc\u00edch s expirac\u00ed v p\u00e1tek stejn\u00e9ho t\u00fddne za posledn\u00edch p\u011bt let na titulu JNJ, k tomu chci zjistit to sam\u00e9, ale pro\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eBacktestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty","link":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?cat=57"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4525,"url":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?p=4525","url_meta":{"origin":4598,"position":1},"title":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v Excelu (VBA) \u2013 III.","author":"dobretrejdy :c)","date":"28.6.2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0V minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem nazna\u010dil, jak si uleh\u010dit pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1znamu makra n\u011bjakou po\u010detn\u00ed \u00falohu a zjistil, \u017ee tento z\u00e1znam mi v excelovsk\u00e9m se\u0161itu na kart\u011b \u201eV\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u201c a po kliknut\u00ed na n\u00e1stroj \u201eVisual Basic\u201c otev\u0159el tu \u010d\u00e1st aplikace Excelu, kde jsem mohl objevit zaznamenan\u00e9 makro ve form\u011b VBA skriptu. Tak\u00e9\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eBacktestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty","link":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?cat=57"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-2.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/main-2.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4884,"url":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?p=4884","url_meta":{"origin":4598,"position":2},"title":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Excelu (VBA) \u2013 VIII.","author":"dobretrejdy :c)","date":"2.9.2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u201e\u2026Pot\u0159ebuji zjistit, jak se chov\u00e1 n\u00e1kup Put Bear Spreadu s\u00a0Long Put na ATM strike a vypsanou opc\u00ed o t\u0159i strike n\u00ed\u017ee, po\u0159izovan\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed na weeklys opc\u00edch s\u00a0expirac\u00ed v\u00a0p\u00e1tek stejn\u00e9ho t\u00fddne za posledn\u00edch p\u011bt let na titulu JNJ, k\u00a0tomu chci zjistit to sam\u00e9, ale pro t\u0159\u00edstrikov\u00fd Call Bull Spread na\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eBacktestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty","link":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?cat=57"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/main.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/main.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/main.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/main.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4720,"url":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?p=4720","url_meta":{"origin":4598,"position":3},"title":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Excelu (VBA) \u2013 VI.","author":"dobretrejdy :c)","date":"19.7.2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u00a0 Vyrobit anal\u00fdzu t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00edho dr\u017een\u00ed akciov\u00e9ho obchodu pomoc\u00ed Excelu je nyn\u00ed ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hra\u010dka. M\u011bnit d\u00e9lky dr\u017een\u00ed takov\u00fdch fiktivn\u00edch obchod\u016f je ji\u017e hra\u010dkou tak\u00e9, toto v\u0161echno bylo pops\u00e1no v minul\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch p\u0159i postupn\u00e9m pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, jak funguje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed logika a psan\u00ed VBA skript\u016f. Na p\u011btilet\u00fdch sta\u017een\u00fdch datech z Yahoo.finance jsem toto\u2026","rel":"","context":"V \u201eBacktestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty\u201c","block_context":{"text":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s daty","link":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?cat=57"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/main-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/main-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/main-2.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dobretrejdy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/main-2.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4656,"url":"https:\/\/dobretrejdy.com\/?p=4656","url_meta":{"origin":4598,"position":4},"title":"Backtestov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Excelu (VBA) \u2013 V.","author":"dobretrejdy :c)","date":"12.7.2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00fdroba makra pomoc\u00ed skriptu a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed poznatky o jeho zaps\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed VBA (kde a jak), operace s bu\u0148kami a jej\u00edmi oblastmi, pr\u00e1ce s listy excelovsk\u00e9ho se\u0161itu, cyklick\u00e1 funkce a prvn\u00ed anal\u00fdza historick\u00fdch dat (prozat\u00edm intradenn\u00ed dr\u017een\u00ed akci\u00ed) pomoc\u00ed velmi jednoduch\u00e9 automatizace pr\u00e1ce vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm VBA skriptem. 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